الملخص سعت هذه الدراسة إلى الکشف عن ملامح الانهزام في خطاب "الکميت بن زيد الأسدي" الشعري؛ بسبب انتماء الشاعر السياسي لبني هاشم، وتحوّله بعد ذلک لموالاة الأمويين، وبين تشيُّعه للهاشميين ووقوعه تحت سلطة الحُکم الأموي تراءى خطابه الانهزامي واضحًا، وجسَّد هذا الخطاب صورة حيَّة لواقع الحياة السياسية والاجتماعية آنذاک، ودارت الدراسة عبر محورين رئيسيين هما: المحور النظري، وتطرَّقت فيه الباحثة إلى التعريف بمفهوم الخطاب ودوره في عملية التواصل الشعري. ولوحظ أن خطاب الکميت الانهزامي عبر تحليل الشواهد التطبيقية غدا خِطابًا کليًا بالرَّغم من أوجه التعارض التي تضمَّنها. الثاني: وتمثَّل في البُعد الإجرائي عبر انتقاء النماذج التطبيقية من نتاج الکميت الشعري، ومن خلالها تمَّ رصد تمثلات الشخصية المنهزمة بين أصالة الهوية والرَّغبة المتحولة في شعره، وظهرت تلک التشکلات عبر حقبتين زمنيتين: الحقبة الأولى: تجلَّى فيها حبه للهاشميين وولائه لهم، وقد عُرِف الکميت بانتمائه السياسي للشيعة الزيدية ومن أشهر شعرائهم، وتُعدُّ مدائحهم فيهم من أجود شعره، وجاءت قصائده في الهاشميين باعثًا قويًا للاصطدام مع بني أميَّة. الحقبة الثانية: وشهدت تحولًا سياسيًا لشخصية الکميت وانکشفت ملامح الانهزام جليَّةً عنده بسبب وازع الخوف والقلق وترصد بني أمية له، وقد صاحبت أساليب المراوغة، والدهاء، والحيلة، وحُسن التکيُّف مع الأحداث السياسية الطارئة ملامح الانهزام في خطاب الکميت الشعري. وشمل البُعد الإجرائي الحديث عن الملامح الفنية المُشکِّلة لخطاب الانهزام عند "الکميت"، ومنها توظيف بعض العناصر الدَّالة على ملمح الانهزام وتمثَّلت في توظيف رموز(الطلل، الذئب، الشيب) التي اتَّخذ منها الشاعر قِناعًا توارى خلفه للکشف عن هذا الشعور الانهزامي، وظهرت بنية الشعور الانهزامي الداخلي جليَّةً عبر توظيف هذه الرموز. وتراءى خطاب الکميت الانهزامي حافلًا بمخزون لغوي مُعبِّر عن حالة الانهزام في شتَّى صوره وأشکاله، وکان لذوق الشاعر وقريحته اللغوية أثرهما في الکشف عن الشعور الانهزامي في خطابه، وقامت الصور الشعرية بدورها في تجسيد ملامح الانهزام في خطابه.
Abstract This study sought to uncover the features of defeat in the poetic discourse of "Al-Kumait Bin Zaid Al-Asadi". Because of the affiliation of the political poet Lubna Hashim, and his conversion after that to the loyalty of the Umayyads, and between his Shiism of the Hashemites and his fall under the authority of the Umayyad rule, his defeatist speech. This discourse embodied a vivid picture of the reality of political and social life at the time. The study was conducted through two main axes: the theoretical axis, in which the researcher dealt with the definition of the concept of discourse and its role in the poetic communication process. It was noted that the defeatist speech of Kumet through the analysis of applied evidence has become a complete rhetoric despite the contradictions it contained. The second: the procedural dimension was represented by the selection of applied models from the product of the poetic quantum, and through it the representations of the defeated personality were monitored between the authenticity of the identity and the transformed desire in his poetry, and these formations appeared over two periods of time: The first era: in it his love for the Hashemites and his loyalty to them were evident, and Kumait was known for his political affiliation with the Zaydi Shiites and one of their most famous poets, and their praises in them were considered one of his finest poetry, and his poems about the Hashemites were a strong source of clash with the Umayyah sons. The second era: It witnessed a political transformation of the personality of the kumite, and the features of defeat were clearly revealed to him due to the fear and anxiety and the monitoring of his illiterate children. The procedural dimension included talking about the technical features that make up the discourse of defeat when "the dead", including the employment of some elements indicative of the feature of defeat, represented by the employment of symbols (the child, the wolf, the gray hair) from which the poet took a mask behind him to reveal this sense of defeatism, and the structure of the feeling appeared My internal defeat is evident by employing these symbols. The defeatist speech of Kumit appeared filled with a linguistic stock that expresses the state of defeat in various forms and forms. The poet’s taste and his linguistic ability had an effect on revealing the defeating feeling in his speech, and the poetic images played their role in embodying the features of defeat in his speech.
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